STARE

STARE is a real-time SofTwAre REceiver for processing downlink signals of the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) and long-term evolution (LTE) terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), and estimating measurements relevant for positioning and signal monitoring. These measurements include the code phase, carrier phase, Doppler frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Real-time operation is achieved by interfacing directly with the software-defined radio (SDR), therefore allowing to process the signals continuously over arbitrarily long periods and not requiring to store signal captures on the drive. The receiver also supports a post-processing mode, where the signal capture files can be processed without the SDR. The signal processing algorithms operate in one of two possible ways. First, STARE can continuously track the signal using tracking loops. Alternatively, STARE can process the signal in snapshots without employing the loops. STARE is developed in a combination of C++ and Python.