STARE

STARE is a real-time software receiver for processing downlink signals of the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) and fourth-generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs), and estimating measurements relevant for positioning and signal monitoring. STARE can also correlate downlink signals with arbitrary reference baseband waveform replicas provided at the input, allowing to use STARE as a flexible real-time correlator. The estimated measurements include the code phase, carrier phase, Doppler frequency, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Real-time operation is achieved by interfacing directly with the software-defined radio (SDR), therefore allowing the signals to be processed continuously over arbitrarily long periods and not requiring the signal captures to be stored on the drive. The receiver also supports a post-processing mode, where signal captures can be processed without the SDR. STARE supports three signal processing modes. First, STARE can track 5G NR or LTE signals using code phase and carrier phase tracking loops. Second, STARE can process 5G NR or LTE signals in snapshots using only coarse and fine acquisition stages without employing tracking loops. Third, STARE can correlate input signals with arbitrary baseband replicas in snapshots using only coarse acquisition stage without employing tracking loops and fine acquisition stage. STARE is written in C++.